Resources

What are the best resources about the Triangle fire, the historical texts, literature, music, art, and performances available? Use the links on this page to access them.

Andi Sosin updates this page about the Triangle Fire and related topics. Please contact her or access the Triangle Open Archive (for online capture of documents, photos, audio or video) to submit artifacts and share resources; we’ll spread the word!

Recent Items

High school student Maegan Smarkusky created a research project website about the history of the Triangle Factory fire and its impact on labor law and workplace safety.

Find it with Erin Essex Podcast : The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire – In order of appearance: LuLu LoLo performance artist, playwright/actor, excerpt from her play Soliloquy for a Seamstress: The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire as William Gunn Shepherd, eyewitness reporter at scene of the Triangle Factory fire; and Ruth Sergel, artist and agitator, CHALK, author of See You in the Streets.

NYU Casa Italiana Zerilli-Marimò: Remember the Triangle Fire: Performance, Screening, and Presentation – Introduction: Stefano Alberti, Director; Organized by Valeria Giovanna Castelli in partnership with Remember the Triangle Fire Coalition; LuLu LoLo (Pascale) (performance of an excerpt from her one person play Soliloquy for a Seamstress: The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire); and Mary Anne Trasciatti, chair Remember the Triangle Fire Coalition. Co-sponsored with Humanities New York, Casa Italiana Zerilli-Marimò, Italian American Writers Association, National Organization of Italian American Women, NYU Center for Humanities, John D. Calandra Italian American Institute.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Remembered – This event was co-hosted by New York’s Lower East Side Tenement Museum and the Remember the Triangle Fire Coalition. C-SPAN Broadcast with author Kevin Baker, who spoke with four descendants of garment workers employed at New York City’s Triangle Shirtwaist Factory:

• Suzanne Pred Bass: her Great Aunt Rosie Weiner perished in the fire and Great Aunt Katie Weiner survived the fire.
• Jerome I. Charyn: his Aunt Rosie Brenman and Aunt Sarah Brenman both perished in the fire. His Grandfather Joseph survived the fire.
• Vincent Maltese: his Grandmother Caterina Maltese, Aunt Lucia Maltese and Aunt Rosarea Maltese perished in the fire.
• Lou Miano: his Great Aunt Santina Salemi and cousin Rosina Cirrito, along with their friend Josie Del Castillo perished in the fire. Great Aunt Francesca Salemi survived the fire. They are known as the “Girls from Cherry Street.”

The panel talked about the March 25, 1911 factory fire and about efforts to memorialize the victims. The fire took the lives of 146 garment workers, most of them young immigrant women, and led to many changes in New York’s labor laws and building regulations.

See You in the Streets: Art, Action, and Remembering the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire by Ruth Sergel, founder of the Remember the Triangle Fire Coalition, is now available from the University of Iowa Press. “How can we bring the lessons of the Triangle fire back into practice today? For artist Ruth Sergel, the answer was to fuse art, activism, and collective memory to create a large-scale public commemoration that invites broad participation and incites civic engagement. See You in the Streets showcases her work.”

Triangle Resolution Template: This TEMPLATE can be used to introduce a resolution that recognizes the historical significance of the Triangle fire in the struggle to improve worker safety standards and protections, honor the victims of the Triangle Fire, and commend groups for their roles in aiding victims and those that continue to play instrumental roles in facilitating lasting improvements in worker safety.

Sources for Union-made products: The following links are to websites that supply items that are union-made in the USA, or made globally in Fair Trade circumstances. These firms include: Image Pointe, Union People Products Inc., Ethix Merch, and Global Exchange Fair Trade Store.

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“Triangle” fires still occur in Bangladesh: On December 14, 2010 the Associated Press reported a deadly fire in a Bangladesh garment factory with locked exits. SweatFree Communities reports on Fighting Poverty Wages in Bangladesh.

Key Resources

• The Kheel Center at Cornell University’s ILR School has updated and revised the definitive Triangle research and information website.
• Triangle: The Fire that Changed America by David von Drehle
• The Triangle Fire by Leon Stein
• The Triangle Fire, the Protocols of Peace, and Industrial Democracy in Progressive Era New York by Richard Greenwald
• The New York City Triangle Factory Fire by Leigh Benin, Rob Linné, Adrienne Sosin and Joel Sosinsky. ARCADIA Images of America.
• See You in the Streets: Art, Action, and Remembering the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire by Ruth Sergel, founder of the Remember the Triangle Fire Coalition

Film, Video and Audio

• The Triangle Shirtwaist Connection by Michelle Fecteau on THE MOTH, True Stories Told Live. Recorded September 14, 2015. Duration 7 min 13 sec.
• Triangle: Remembering the Fire (HBO Documentary Films, 2011). HBO Documentary Films has established a resources page that links to important sites (OSHA, the International Labor Rights Forum and others).
• Triangle Fire (PBS American Experience, 2011).
• Ric Burns’ PBS Documentary New York (DVD, 1999). Episode 4 describes the Triangle fire.
• You May Call Her Madam Secretary is a documentary about Frances Perkins (US Secretary of Labor under FDR), who witnessed the fire and led reform efforts thereafter.
• Pane Amaro (Bitter Bread): The Italian American Journey from Despised Immigrants to Honored Citizens. (DVD, 2009).
• Youtube.com contains many short films related to the Triangle Fire. Thanks to Jane Fazio-Villeda for the link to this clip of a History Channel interview of Rose Freedman, the last Triangle fire survivor.
• God Rock Radio’s program on the causes and effects of the Triangle Fire contains well chosen musical selections and illuminating discussion. It is a free download from the Internet Archive and Facebook.
• “Building Bridges” on WBAI FM Radio presented a 55 minute audio docudrama, tapestry of sounds and re-enactment of voices from the PBS American Experience special intermingled with poetry, songs and voices of scholar/activists about the legacy of Triangle today on March 8, 2011 called Out of the Flames, From The Ashes: The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire & Its Legacy.

Historical Documents

• The 1912 report of the Red Cross Emergency Relief Committee
• Landmark designation document of the Brown/Asch Building
• Newspaper reports: The New York Times Archive Online. Search for the “Triangle Waist Company” and/or “Triangle Fire;” request All Results Since 1851. Articles in the Public Domain are free.

Literature

• Triangle: A Novel by Katharine Weber
• Dreamland by Kevin Baker
• Rivington Street by Meredith Tax
• Come With Me To Babylon by Paul M. Levitt. Click here for an excerpt compliments of the author: BABYLON
• Dorothy at the scene of the Triangle fire, an excerpt from Dorothy, This Side of the Rainbow by Vincent Begley
• Edge of the Triangle by Duane H. Cook
• They Were Legal: Balzac Y Lopez: The History of an Hispanic Family New York 1901-1960 by Diane Fortuna

Poetry

• Defying Extinction by Amy Barone, Muddy River Poetry Review #22, edited by Zvi A. Sesling
• ONCE I WAS TOLD THE AIR WAS NOT FOR BREATHING by Paola Corso 
• The Triangle Fire in The Persistence of Memory by Mary Fell
• Fragments from the Fire poetry by Chris Llewellyn
• Twins a poem by Will MacAdams
• Shirt a poem by Robert Pinsky
• Walking Through the River of Fire: 100 Years of Triangle Fire Poetry edited by Julia Stein with an introduction by Jack Hirschman
• Triangle Shirtwaist Fire, New York City, March 25, 1911 by Diana Lischer-Goodband, copyright 1998. See the Comments on this page below.
• rituals of spring (for the 78th anniversary of the shirtwaist factory fire) by Safiya Henderson-Holmes
• THE FIRE by Lillian Pollak, from The Sweetest Dream: Love, Lies, Assassination & Hope, A novel of the Thirties. (pp.95-98). Read by the author at the Clara Lemlich Awards Ceremony, New York City, March 21, 2011.

History

• Common Sense and a Little Fire: Women and Working Class Politics in the United States, 1900 – 1965 by Annelise Orleck.
• We Were There: The Story of Working Women in America by Barbara Mayer Wertheimer. 1977. out of print but available through libraries.
• Bibliography – a comprehensive list of high level history compiled by the Jewish Labor Committee

Essays, Articles & Pamphlets

• Hesperian has released an instructive pamphlet, Fighting Factory Fires: 100 years after the Triangle Fire.
• Di Fayer Korbunes and Mameniu: Yiddish Triangle Fire Ballads by Eve Sicular. See the Music section below for song lyrics and audio files of the songs, as performed by Metropolitan Klezmer at Cooper Union Centennial, March 25, 2011.
• Chalking Back Through Time: The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire by Elissa Sampson.
• The Progressive Jewish Alliance handout for the Triangle Fire Centennial Shabbat includes a Triangle fire timeline, references to the tenets of Jewish ethics that support workers’ rights, excerpts from poetry and speeches that expressed grief following the fire, current issues regarding sweatshop disasters in the US and other nations, and how to combat them through purchasing fair trade garments and green practices.
• Don’t Mourn, Organize is a booklet of statements by 34 leaders in worker safety and health from government; labor; academia; and community-based public health and immigrant organizations on what the Triangle shirtwaist fire has to teach us today, available from the New York Committee for Occupational Safety and Health (NYCOSH).
• The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire: One Hundred Years After – NYU’s Wagner Archives Exhibit is at LaborArts.
• The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire: The Legal Legacy by Frances Murray and Lisa Bohannon for the Historical Society of the Courts of the State of New York.

Visual Arts

• A Triangle remembrance logo for public use under Creative Commons, offered by Bradley Kemp for the puppet opera Triangle.
• Susan Harris has created a project that embroiders every name on antique shirtwaists.

[Show as slideshow]

Performance

• Labor of Love – a play with music by Vincent Cuccina
• Triangle – a puppet play with music by Patrick Keppel & Bradley Kemp
• Triangle: From the Fire – an oratorio & dance/theater composition by Elizabeth Swados & Cecilia Rubino
• Soliloquy For A Seamstress: The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire written & performed by LuLu LoLo
• Birds on Fire by Barbara Kahn, as interviewed by nytheater.com (March 6, 2011)

Music

• Professor Edvige Giunta of New Jersey City University interviewed Italian singer Francesca Incudine about her song, “No Name,” a mourning dirge about the 24 Sicilian immigrant garment workers, who died in the Triangle Fire in New York City on March 25, 1911. Listen to “No Name” here. Read the song’s lyrics here.
• This is a 1970s song by the Movimento Femminista Romano that is considered to refer to the Triangle fire though it does not specifically mention “Triangle.”
• Explanations of the relationship between the Italian Feminist movement, International Women’s Day and the Triangle Fire from two Italian sources: generAzioni.net and nuovAtlantide.org
• The Triangle Fire and Bread & Roses, in Yiddish with French & English subtitles.
• Bruce Liles’ song, Sew, is on YouTube.
• Annie Lanzillotto’s songs: GIRLS, GIRLS, WHERE DID YOU WORK LAST NIGHT and as sung at the Centennial, Ballad for Joe Zito.
• Triangle Fire Song Words and Triangle Fire Song Music by Ross Altman. ©2011 Grey Goose Music (BMI).
• Triangle Factory Fire by Misner & Smith.
• Ballad of the Triangle Fire by Ruth Rubin.
• Die Fire Korbunes. This recently rediscovered musical score is courtesy of the Library of Congress. Di Fayer Korbunes (The Fire’s Sacrifices) Lyrics in English Translation as translated by Allen Lewis Rickman & Yelena Shmulenson, into English song lyrics, Yiddish transliteration and the Yiddish lyrics written in Hebrew characters.
  Eve Sicular’s essay Di Fayer Korbunes and Mameniu: Yiddish Triangle Fire Ballads, explains the context of Yiddish musical tributes with a comparison to the more famous Yiddish elegy to the Triangle fire victims, Mameniu. On April 17, 2011, Eve Sicular hosted Beyond the Pale on WBAI radio. Listen here to Metropolitan Klezmer’s debut recorded at the Triangle Fire Centennial in the Great Hall of Cooper Union on March 25, 2011 of Die Fire Korbunes.
• DRAY NEYTORINS (3 SEAMSTRESSES) SONG LYRICS, words by Y.L. Peretz (1852-1915); music by M. Shneyer (1885-1942), as published by M. Kipnis in 1918 and translated in PEARLS OF YIDDISH SONG, compiled by Eleanor Gordon Mlotek & Joseph Mlotek. Adrienne Cooper sings this song on the album FIRE by the Flying Bulgars. as heard on “Beyond the Pale” on WBAI. Thanks to Eve Sicular for the lyrics in translation.
• Di Korbones fun dem trayengel fayer is a 1913 recording of Mameniu, the Yiddish language song most widely known as an elegy to the Triangle fire victims, from Florida Atlantic University’s Judaica Sound Archives. Thanks to Jane Fazio-Villeda for finding this resource.
• Mike Stout and the Human Union perform the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Song on YouTube

Career Resources

• Fire science education resources from FireScience.org.

Reader Recommendations

• The New York Public Library has selected items from its extensive collection of Triangle fire related materials, in a resource list with links for access.
• A Triangle Fire bibliography submitted by Julia Stein through Chicago Labor and Arts.
• Sweatshop Cinderella – a documentary film by Suzanne Wasserman.